Detailed Description:Strong Base Anion / 5 Lbs Bulk ResinA High Capacity Anion Exchange Resin for Domestic ApplicationsNOTE: Five pounds of resin is enough to refill 2.5″x 10″ refillable filter (for standard 10″ housing) about 7 times.Strong base anion resin to help reduce and remove tannins from incoming water. Sold in bulk bags for refilling filter cartridges (sold separately). If you’re on well water and/or your supply has a brownish discoloration that can’t be removed with a sediment or Iron/Manganese filter an anion filter could be the solution you’re looking for.For Tannin/Nitrates Removal search or click eBay# 163227589628Tannins are astringent, bitter-tasting plant polyphenols that bind and precipitate proteins. The term tannin usually refers to the source of tannins used in tanning animal hides into leather. However, in this case we are referring to the brown discoloration in water, often caused by decaying organic matter. Tannins in well waters form from humic acid, a complex mixture of many different acids containing carboxyl and phenolate groups produced by biodegradation of dead organic matter. Tannins can also be found in peat, coal, many upland streams and ocean water. Tannin molecules tend to form anions in water above pH 6 and can be treated with anion exchange resins, below pH 5 tannins are better treated with activated carbon.Main UseFor water purification, wastewater treatment, biological products and hydrometallurgy of tungsten, molybdenum extraction.Other UsesWater softening, desalination of water preparation, preparation of pure water and high water. Amino acid extraction and purification, extraction and purification of antibiotics. Extraction and removal of heavy metal ions, separation and purification of rare earth elements, and organic synthesis reactions, as hydrolysis of the acid esterification catalyst.TANNIN REMOVAL Tannin removal is an application that some dealers have felt uncomfortable tacklingTannin removal is an application that some dealers have felt uncomfortable tackling. Tannins, until several years ago, were treated with standard strong base macroporous anion resins manufactured with styrene and divinylbenzene. This type of resin worked well in some areas but failed in other areas. Over the last five to 10 years resins have come into the residential water market that have been more successful and have made this water treatment problem more attractive to the water treatment dealer.It is usually recommended that the water be softened prior to the tannin removal unit. The softener removes hardness and metals (like iron) that might otherwise foul the anion resin. Tannins will pass through softening (cation) resin without any detrimental effects. Hardness levels greater than 10 grains passing into a tannin removal unit may precipitate calcium carbonate, which is a white floc that can restrict flow in the system and blind exchange sites on the resin. Metals like iron also can foul the anion resin, reducing the anions’ ability to remove tannins. Cleaning methods for these foulants will be discussed later.Tannin RemovalTannins are large molecular weight organic compounds. They are formed through the decomposition of plants and, to a much lesser degree, animals. These organics are generally found in surface waters or shallow wells. There are two primary categories in which tannin fall: Humic acid and Fulvic acid. These are simplified structures of very large molecules. Gallic acid, guaiacyl, syringyl and cresylic moieties are the building blocks of these organic molecules (Kunin, 1986). The structure of the tannin varies from location to location, depending on the vegetation in the area. Tannins can cause a yellow to dark tea color in water and may impart taste and odor. Tannins are not directly regulated by a governmental agency, however there is a secondary drinking water standard of 15 alpha units for color. A secondary drinking water standard is not federally enforced. Tannins are not a health issue; however, they are aesthetically displeasing.As many of you know first hand, tannins can be difficult to remove from water. One treatment method may be effective in one area, but may be totally ineffective 10 miles down the road. It is dependent on the vegetation in a given area. Styrene-based macroporous anion resin has long been used to remove tannins from water. This type of resin worked well in some areas but poorly in other areas. More recently acrylic-based resin have emerged on the market and are producing excellent results in most cases. They can be manufactured as a gel or with macroporosity. There are also low crosslinked/high water retention styrene-based resins that are being used successfully.ApplicationsRemoval of organics and color from waterResin TypeMacro porous Strong Base AnionMatrix TypeStyrene divinylbenzene copolymerFunctional GroupsQuaternary ammoniumIonic form as suppiedChlorideTotal exchange capacity0.95 meq/ml, minimumMoisture holding capacity57 – 66 %Uniformity co-efficient0.45 to 0.55 mmEffective size0.8Maximum operating temperature80 COperating pH range4 to 10 for organic removalResistance to reducing agentsGoodResistance to oxidizing agentsGenerally good, chlorine should be absentParticle size range : 0.3 to 1.2 mm> 1.2 mm8). This is often the case when chloramines are used as a disinfectant. Ammonia and chlorine are mixed causing an environment that will break down resin and the ammonia will usually cause the pH to increase. It is best to remove any type of oxidant (chlorine, chloramine or peroxide, etc.) prior to the anion unit.As water passes through a chloride-form anion resin, alkalinity will be removed from the water. Alkalinity is the buffering factor in water. As alkalinity is removed the pH of the water will decrease. The anion resin has a limited amount of capacity for alkalinity and should decrease the pH for only a short period of the service cycle. The chloride content of the treated water will increase. Check the local water treatment regulations for chloride limits, if any. Chlorides have a secondary drinking water standard of 250 ppm. If the TDS levels exceed 800 ppm in the influent water a salty taste may be detected on the treated water. RO will be required to reduce the TDS and salty taste.Cleaning MethodsCalcium carbonate precipitation can be cleaned with a weak acid. Citric or phosphoric acid will dissolve calcium carbonate precipitation. The unit and associated plumbing must be compatible with any cleaning agent. Most types of metal fouling can be treated in the same fashion.When a tannin color passes through a unit that has previously worked properly, an attempt to clean the resin should be performed. Soda ash (Na2CO3) can be added to the brine to help clean the anion resin. Typically 0.5 to 1 pound of soda ash is added to the brine well. The soda ash will increase the pH of the brine causing the resin to swell to a greater degree. The swelling will make the pores slightly larger so more of the tannins can be eluted from the resin. Tannins also are more soluble at the higher pH, producing an environment to help strip the tannins from the resin. This cleaning procedure can produce the fishy odor. After the resin has been treated with soda ash a second regeneration should be performed to convert the resin completely to the chloride form.If soda ash is unsuccessful in cleaning the resin, a chlorine treatment can be used as a last resort. Place approximately four to eight ounces of standard household bleach in the brine well. Place the system into regeneration. Once a chlorine odor is detected in the drain line, shut the system down for one to two hours. Finish the remainder of the regeneration cycle after the system has soaked. A second regeneration should be performed to remove any residual chlorine. This cleaning procedure is very hard on the resin and should be attempted as a last resort. Oxidants, such as chlorine, will attack and break down ion exchange resin. There is no ion exchange resin on the market that is chlorine resistant; there only are resins that are more chlorine tolerant. The tannin resins in the water treatment market today are relatively chlorine intolerant. If this treatment is unsuccessful, replacement must be considered.If the unit contains both cation and anion, regenerate the bed with salt before attempting any cleaning procedure. Any metals, like iron, will precipitate on the cation resin, due to high pH or oxidation.Other Methods of Removing TanninsOxidizing agents like chlorine are effective at breaking down organic compounds like tannins. A simple jar test will show the concentration and retention time required to oxidize tannins. An activated carbon unit following the retention tank will remove the chlorine and may adsorb other organic compounds in the water. Some types of activated carbon alone may reduce the tannins to acceptable levels. Consult your carbon manufacturer for the appropriate type of product. It should be noted that the reaction between chlorine and tannins might produce trihalomethane (THMs) which are carcinogens.Reverse osmosis is another effective method for removing tannins. Since tannins are high molecular weight organics RO should reject them effectively. However, tannins will tend to foul the membrane in the system. It also is very expensive to properly install a whole house RO system to treat all of the water. Check with your local water doctor for more information.ConclusionThe primary tannin removal technologies of the past were carbon- and styrene-based ion exchange resin. More recently, acrylic-based and high water retention/low crosslinked styrene-based anion exchange resins have surfaced into the residential water treatment market and seem to outperform the traditional ion exchange resins used for tannin removal. Although no resin is 100 percent effective, success has been greatly increased with these resins. If you haven’t tried treating for tannins recently you may want to give it another try. With any new water treatment application or product put several systems in the field for pilot testing. Once the pilot study has validated the product or treatment in a given area, go after the business.Storage Ion exchange resins require proper care at all times. The resins must never be allowed to become dry. Regularly open the plastic bags and check the condition of the resin when in storage. If not moist, add enough clean demineralised water and keep it in completely moist condition. Always keep the resin drum in the shade. Recommended storage temperature is between 20°C and 40°C. Safety Acid and alkali solutions used for regeneration are corrosive and should be handled in a manner that will prevent eye and skin contact. If any oxidising agents are used, necessary safety pre-cautions should be observed to avoid accidents and damage to the resin.